Actually the emantic Web started not from XML data sharing which is quite diffused opinion within Internet Users. The whole idea of Semantic Web has been created as far as have been uploaded any information in HTML format on the shared server, here other machines could access and naturally understand that information. Whenever the data could be processed directly or indirectly by machines there will exist the Semantic Web (Stuckenschmidt and Van
Harmelen 2005).

Semantic Web has quite strange development and emerging in the situation of fast development of the Internet. First it was the idea of data sharing within applications and the attitude to the data was just as to garbage (concepts of “Garbage In, Garbage Out” GIGO) (Daconta, Obrst et al. 2003).
From the point of change of information and data importance, the concept of Semantic Data has been changed through different four steps described as follows:

1. Text/Database (pre-XML);
2. XML document within applications (Data sharing within one domain of application);
3. Taxonomy of XML (Already classified and hierarchical data possible to be share within multiple domains);
4. XML Ontology and rules (Now the data became so smart that could be understood by machines following the logical rules. It is described with concrete relations and bearing completely logical calculations based on “semantic algebra”.) (Daconta, Obrst et al. 2003)

More…So in this context the “Semantic Web is machine accessible web of smart data” (Daconta, Obrst et al. 2003).
According to W3C Semantic Web Activity, which is created form 2001, the Semantic Web is a web of data. And from that we can conclude that Semantic Web is the web of application independent data, which allows interoperability of
different systems within the Web (W3C 2007).

The development of Semantic Web for Business and Public sectors nowadays is much more important than ever ago. Fast emerging markets depend on Data sharing and Information Interoperability as they exchange millions of data information in each second. New technologies and concepts of Information systems architectures cannot work without essential information sharing and aggregation, which is only possible in the frame of Semantic Web development. Of course, there are also some very important problems that Semantic Web called on to solve. The problems are quite wide but mainly it is “Stovepipe Systems” where all components can work only with each other and Poor Content Aggregation. Unfortunately we didn’t go on really from screen scraping of the web pages. So in the frame of development of Web 2.0 systems the Semantic Web became extremely important both for business and for public sectors.

But what is the problem that the Semantic Web doesn’t really accoutre in face of recent technological development? There is a quite simple answer for that question: Conflicts. There are wide range of conflicts for Semantic web but basically all
conflicts could be categorized as Problems with Heterogeneity (simply the diversity of data) and Semantic Translation (Stuckenschmidt and Van Harmelen 2005).
So if we just overview the main problems of data diversity it would go this way:

1. Structural Conflicts (simply all problems of data structuring including here)

1. Integrity Conflicts,
2. Data Type Conflicts,
3. Naming Conflicts,
4. Multilateral Conflicts,
5. Meta-Level Conflicts;

2. Semantic Conflicts

1. Data Different Scales,
2. Different Value Ranges,
3. Domain Conflicts (Stuckenschmidt and Van Harmelen 2005).

Conflicts connected with Semantic translation are mainly rising from Simple Data Handling within the frame of Semantic Web. It is all problems denoted the resolution of semantic conflicts that occur between heterogeneous information systems in order to archive semantic interoperability (Stuckenschmidt and Van Harmelen 2005).
So here we occur to face the most important issue of Semantic Web: the semantic interoperability. Ontology-based information sharing based on fourth level of XML development is quite near to actual Semantic Web but still it exists only
in close systems.

Moreover, the professionals in this field are very sceptical about Semantic web. There are quite much problems involved in development process and no intelligent information on integration approaches and technologies. People are mainly concerned about almost impossible development of standard infrastructure of Semantic Web. First, it is connected with bad luck with Artificial Intelligence Creation and development in 1960s. Most of professionals believe that Semantic Web is the same as researching Artificial Intelligence. Secondly, it’s because the creation and support of this kind of solutions are very costly and difficult. Nobody would take the initiative to start creation of general Semantic Web which could lead to total involvement of different systems, but also it is just because there are no organizations or corporations which could influence whole web systems to start to use one general ontology (Daconta, Obrst et al. 2003).

Albert Poghosyan